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A Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Compass

by Christopher O'Keeffe May 23, 2023

Step 1: Familiarise Yourself with the Compass Parts - Take a moment to understand the different parts of a compass.

The key components include:

Baseplate: The transparent plastic base of the compass that features rulers and markings.
Housing: The circular portion of the compass that contains the magnetic needle.
Magnetic Needle: A red or black needle that points to magnetic north.
Direction of Travel Arrow: An arrow on the baseplate that indicates the direction in which you want to travel.

Step 2: Determine True North and Magnetic North - It's important to note that true north (the North Pole) and magnetic north (the direction indicated by the compass needle) are not the same. Depending on your location, there may be a deviation between the two. You can use maps or online resources to find the magnetic declination for your area and adjust your compass readings accordingly.

Step 3: Hold the Compass Properly - To use a compass correctly, hold it flat in your hand with the baseplate parallel to the ground. Ensure that the direction of travel arrow points directly away from you.

Step 4: Align the Compass with a Known Landmark - Identify a landmark in the distance that you can easily spot, such as a tree, rock, or building. Hold the compass flat and align the edge of the baseplate with the landmark, making sure it stays parallel.

Step 5: Rotate the Compass Dial - While keeping the baseplate in place, carefully rotate the dial until the "N" (north) marking on the dial aligns with the magnetic needle. Ensure that the arrow remains pointing in the direction of the landmark.

Step 6: Read the Bearing - Look at the degree markings on the compass dial. The bearing is the number that aligns with the direction of travel arrow. Make a note of this number, as it represents the angle between your current position and the landmark.

Step 7: Navigate Using the Bearing - Once you have determined your bearing, you can start walking or hiking in that direction. Ensure that you keep the compass flat in your hand and follow the direction of travel arrow. Periodically check the compass to ensure you are maintaining the correct bearing.

Step 8: Adjust for Magnetic Declination - If your area has a known magnetic declination, you may need to adjust your bearing accordingly. Add or subtract the declination angle from the bearing you obtained to get the correct direction.

Remember, practice makes perfect when it comes to using a compass. Regularly hone your skills and familiarize yourself with different techniques to improve your navigation abilities in various terrains.